Commercial printing relies on a variety of technologies to print on different substrates, but two of the more popular techniques are flexographic printing and gravure printing.
This post is designed to take a closer look at the key differences in flexo printing vs. gravure printing. Better understand these two printing technologies will ensure that you use the right process for your application.
(ICYMI: We've also discussed the differences between Flexo Printing and Offset Printing.)
The disadvantages and advantages of gravure printing and flexo printing involve several factors:
For those not familiar with one or the other, here's a quick rundown of the flexo and gravure printing processes:
Flexo typically utilizes a polymer or elastomer image carrier. This could be a:
The image carrier is engraved to create the raised design of the final desired print. Ink is then transferred from the inkwell via an anilox roller onto the image carrier, where it is then printed onto the substrate.
Flexo printing is more commonly associated with uses in flexible plastics and other non-porous materials such as film, labels, foil, and other packaging.
Flexo is noted for producing an exemplary print with fine lines and text detail.
Have questions on Flexographic basics? Check out our new Flexo 101 resource hub below:
The rotogravure printing process (commonly shortened to gravure) is a method of intaglio printing. Gravure printing works by applying ink to a substrate with the use of a metal plate that is typically mounted onto a cylinder. This plate is often made of copper or chrome.
The image or text that is intended for printing is typically laser etched into said metal plate, a process that often delivers high-quality and precise results with good repeatability.
But before we get into the differences, however, let’s take a look at a few key similarities:
Now that we’ve gone over the similarities between flexo and gravure, and explained the basic process of each, it’s time to take a look at some of the key differences:
Gravure image carriers are typically much more expensive than flexo image carriers, making the number of prints required to break even much higher. Gravure, however, has a longer press run time, as the cylinders do not require as frequent changing as those in the flexo printing process.
Gravure lead time is usually 3-4 times that of flexo in the time it takes to manufacture the image carrier.
One of the limitations of gravure printing is that it is generally better suited for porous substrates. This is one of the reasons that gravure is best suited for high-detail printing on applications such as magazine covers.
That isn’t the case with flexo printing, which is able to print on both porous and non-porous substrates, making the technology ideal for everything from film to paperboard. In you're specifically measuring flexo vs. gravure in packaging printing, you'll usually find that flexo wins.
Another key differentiator in flexo vs. gravure is the range of inks flexo is able to print with. Gravure printing problems include a limited number of inks with which it's compatible. In most cases, flexo printing ink is the superior choice due to the ease of printing with a wider variety of inks.
Gravure requires much more ink per print, which can drive up the cost of printing.
Due to the fact that gravure is traditionally associated with solvent based inks (although water based ink capabilities have been evolving), flexo is commonly considered the “greener” options.
There are generally more flexo printing solutions for VOC (volatile organic compound) problems, and the press operations are associated with more environmentally friendly practices.
Gravure was once considered best for fine detail and tonal work, but flexo technology is further enabling prints with higher resolution and detail as it evolves -- enabling it to move into print jobs that were previously associated exclusively with gravure.
Consider the other pros and cons of gravure printing and weigh them against the slight (if any) difference in end quality you'll get with flexo.
As you can see, there are many differences between flexo and gravure printing.
Which process is right for you? It largely depends on the job, substrate, and a variety of other factors of the job you're printing. Don't substitute one printing process for the other without thinking it through with your internal team and an external printing expert.
(Editor's note: This blog post was originally published in August 2018 and was updated in March 2023 to reflect current and up-to-date information.)